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Purana Qila ((ヒンディー語:पुराना क़िला), , translation: ''Old Fort''), is one the oldest forts in Delhi. Its current form was built by the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, on a site which was perhaps that of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas. Sher Shah raised the citadel of Purana-Qal'a with an extensive city-area sprawling around it. It seems that the Purana-Qal'a was still incomplete at Sher Shah's death in 1545, and was perhaps completed by his son Islam Shah , although it is not certain which parts were built by whom. Indraprastha is said to be founded by the Pandavas on the banks of the perennial river Yamuna, which would date the site back 5000 years. A Kunti Temple inside the Qila also exists, which is believed to be the place where Kunti, the mother of the Pandavas lived. Consequently, the fort is considered by some to be 'the first city of Delhi'.〔Delhi City The Imperial Gazetteer of India,1909,Vol 11,Page 236〕 Researchers now confirm〔Delhi City Guide, by Eicher Goodearth Limited, Delhi Tourism, 1998. ISBN 81-900601-2-0 page 62〕 that until 1913, a village called ''Indrapat'' existed within the fort walls. Excavations carried out by Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at Purana Quila in 1954-55 (trial trenches) and again 1969-1973 by its Director, B B Lal have unearthed Painted Grey Ware dating 1000 B.C., and with a continuous cultural sequence from Mauryan to Mughal through Shunga, Kushana, Gupta, Rajput and Sultanate periods, confirming the antiquity of the site. ==Fort in Medieval Period== Fort was called as the inner pitamdel of the city of ''Dina-panah'' during Humayun's rule who renovated it in 1533 and completed five years later.〔''Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture'', by Oleg Grabar. Published by BRILL, 1988. ISBN 90-04-08155-0. ''Page 133''.〕 Purana Qila and its environs flourished as the "sixth city of Delhi". The founder of the Suri Dynasty, Sher Shah Suri, defeated Humayun in 1540, naming the fort ''Shergarh''; he added several more structures in the complex during his five-year reign until his death in 1545. Subsequently Islam Shah took over the reins of North India from this fort, but shifted his capital to Gwalior, as it was supposed to be a safer capital in that period, leaving the charge of Delhi and Punjab to his Hindu Governor and military General Hemu. After Islam Shah's death in 1553, Adil Shah Suri took charge of North India and appointed Hemu as the Prime Minister-cum-Chief of Army and himself retired in Chunar fort in eastern UP. According to Abul Fazal, Hemu became virtual king and had all authority of appointments and other decisions making. Hemu was busy in quelling rebellion in east India and this fort remained neglected. Humayun, who was based in Kabul at this time, seized the opportunity to re-capture the citadel and the seat of Delhi in 1555, fifteen years after abandoning it following his defeats at the hands of the Suri Dynasty in the Battles of Chausa and Kannauj. Humayun's reign proved brief thereafter; he died following an accidental fall within the fort complex at Sher Mandal only a year later, in Jan. 1556.〔(Delhi Forts: Old Fort Delhi )〕 Hearing about re-capture of Delhi by Humayun, Hemu, the Hindu Prime Minister – cum – Chief of Army of Adil Shah, rushed towards Delhi from Bengal, where he had just quelled a rebellion, defeating and killing Muhhamad Shah, the ruler of Bengal. After capturing Agra, Itawah, and Kanpur with relative ease, Hemu, who had won 22 battles spanning entire north India, met and defeated the forces of Akbar, which were led by Tardi Beg Khan, in the Battle for Delhi, which took place in the Tuglaqabad area on 5–6 October 1556. Hemu had his Rajyabhishek or Coronation at Purana Quila on 7 October 1556, declared 'Hindu Raj' in North India, and was bestowed the title of Vikramaditya. Hemu, who later lost his life at the Second battle of Panipat in Nov. 1556, subsequently had his torso hung outside this fort to create terror among Hindus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Purana Qila」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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